Philosophy Movements

• German Idealism (~1780–1840) — Kant, Fichte, Schelling, Hegel
• Pessimism (19th century) — Schopenhauer and his heirs (Tolstoy, Mann, Freud)
• Existentialism (1840s–1960s) — Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Sartre, Camus
• Phenomenology (20th century) — Husserl, Heidegger, Sartre, Merleau-Ponty